module ActiveJob

Active Job – Make work happen later¶ ↑

Active Job is a framework for declaring jobs and making them run on a variety of queuing backends. These jobs can be everything from regularly scheduled clean-ups, to billing charges, to mailings — anything that can be chopped up into small units of work and run in parallel.

It also serves as the backend for Action Mailer’s deliver_later functionality that makes it easy to turn any mailing into a job for running later. That’s one of the most common jobs in a modern web application: sending emails outside the request-response cycle, so the user doesn’t have to wait on it.

The main point is to ensure that all Rails apps will have a job infrastructure in place, even if it’s in the form of an “immediate runner”. We can then have framework features and other gems build on top of that, without having to worry about API differences between Delayed Job and Resque. Picking your queuing backend becomes more of an operational concern, then. And you’ll be able to switch between them without having to rewrite your jobs.

You can read more about Active Job in the Active Job Basics guide.

Usage¶ ↑

To learn how to use your preferred queuing backend see its adapter documentation at ActiveJob::QueueAdapters.

Declare a job like so:

class MyJob < ActiveJob::Base
  queue_as :my_jobs

  def perform(record)
    record.do_work
  end
end

Enqueue a job like so:

MyJob.perform_later record  # Enqueue a job to be performed as soon as the queuing system is free.

MyJob.set(wait_until: Date.tomorrow.noon).perform_later(record)  # Enqueue a job to be performed tomorrow at noon.

MyJob.set(wait: 1.week).perform_later(record) # Enqueue a job to be performed 1 week from now.

That’s it!

GlobalID support¶ ↑

Active Job supports GlobalID serialization for parameters. This makes it possible to pass live Active Record objects to your job instead of class/id pairs, which you then have to manually deserialize. Before, jobs would look like this:

class TrashableCleanupJob
  def perform(trashable_class, trashable_id, depth)
    trashable = trashable_class.constantize.find(trashable_id)
    trashable.cleanup(depth)
  end
end

Now you can simply do:

class TrashableCleanupJob
  def perform(trashable, depth)
    trashable.cleanup(depth)
  end
end

This works with any class that mixes in GlobalID::Identification, which by default has been mixed into Active Record classes.

Supported queuing systems¶ ↑

Active Job has built-in adapters for multiple queuing backends (Sidekiq, Resque, Delayed Job and others). To get an up-to-date list of the adapters see the API Documentation for ActiveJob::QueueAdapters.

Please note: We are not accepting pull requests for new adapters. We encourage library authors to provide an ActiveJob adapter as part of their gem, or as a stand-alone gem. For discussion about this see the following PRs: 23311, 21406, and #32285.

Download and installation¶ ↑

The latest version of Active Job can be installed with RubyGems:

$ gem install activejob

Source code can be downloaded as part of the Rails project on GitHub:

• github.com/rails/rails/tree/main/activejob

License¶ ↑

Active Job is released under the MIT license:

• opensource.org/licenses/MIT

Support¶ ↑

API documentation is at:

• api.rubyonrails.org

Bug reports for the Ruby on Rails project can be filed here:

• github.com/rails/rails/issues

Feature requests should be discussed on the rails-core mailing list here:

• discuss.rubyonrails.org/c/rubyonrails-core

# File activejob/lib/active_job/gem_version.rb, line 5
def self.gem_version
  Gem::Version.new VERSION::STRING
end

# File activejob/lib/active_job/enqueuing.rb, line 14
def perform_all_later(*jobs)
  jobs.flatten!
  jobs.group_by(&:queue_adapter).each do |queue_adapter, adapter_jobs|
    instrument_enqueue_all(queue_adapter, adapter_jobs) do
      if queue_adapter.respond_to?(:enqueue_all)
        queue_adapter.enqueue_all(adapter_jobs)
      else
        adapter_jobs.each do |job|
          job.successfully_enqueued = false
          if job.scheduled_at
            queue_adapter.enqueue_at(job, job._scheduled_at_time.to_f)
          else
            queue_adapter.enqueue(job)
          end
          job.successfully_enqueued = true
        rescue EnqueueError => e
          job.enqueue_error = e
        end
        adapter_jobs.count(&:successfully_enqueued?)
      end
    end
  end
  nil
end

# File activejob/lib/active_job.rb, line 56
singleton_class.attr_accessor :use_big_decimal_serializer

# File activejob/lib/active_job/version.rb, line 7
def self.version
  gem_version
end