module ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Quoting

Quotes the column value to help prevent SQL injection attacks.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 12
def quote(value)
  case value
  when String, Symbol, ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars
    "'#{quote_string(value.to_s)}'"
  when true       then quoted_true
  when false      then quoted_false
  when nil        then "NULL"
  # BigDecimals need to be put in a non-normalized form and quoted.
  when BigDecimal then value.to_s("F")
  when Numeric then value.to_s
  when Type::Binary::Data then quoted_binary(value)
  when Type::Time::Value then "'#{quoted_time(value)}'"
  when Date, Time then "'#{quoted_date(value)}'"
  when Class      then "'#{value}'"
  when ActiveSupport::Duration
    warn_quote_duration_deprecated
    value.to_s
  else raise TypeError, "can't quote #{value.class.name}"
  end
end

quote_bound_value (value)

Quote a value to be used as a bound parameter of unknown type. For example, MySQL might perform dangerous castings when comparing a string to a number, so this method will cast numbers to string.

Deprecated: Consider ‘Arel.sql(“… ? …”, value)` or sanitize_sql instead.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 57
      def quote_bound_value(value)
        ActiveRecord.deprecator.warn(<<~MSG.squish)
          #quote_bound_value is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.2.
          Consider Arel.sql(".. ? ..", value) or #sanitize_sql instead.
        MSG

        quote(cast_bound_value(value))
      end

quote_column_name (column_name)

Quotes the column name. Defaults to no quoting.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 93
def quote_column_name(column_name)
  column_name.to_s
end

quote_string (s)

Quotes a string, escaping any ‘ (single quote) and \ (backslash) characters.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 88
def quote_string(s)
  s.gsub("\\", '\&\&').gsub("'", "''") # ' (for ruby-mode)
end

quote_table_name (table_name)

Quotes the table name. Defaults to column name quoting.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 98
def quote_table_name(table_name)
  quote_column_name(table_name)
end

quote_table_name_for_assignment (table, attr)

Override to return the quoted table name for assignment. Defaults to table quoting.

This works for MySQL where table.column can be used to resolve ambiguity.

We override this in the sqlite3 and postgresql adapters to use only the column name (as per syntax requirements).

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 110
def quote_table_name_for_assignment(table, attr)
  quote_table_name("#{table}.#{attr}")
end

quoted_date (value)

Quote date/time values for use in SQL input. Includes microseconds if the value is a Time responding to usec.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 141
def quoted_date(value)
  if value.acts_like?(:time)
    if default_timezone == :utc
      value = value.getutc if !value.utc?
    else
      value = value.getlocal
    end
  end

  result = value.to_fs(:db)
  if value.respond_to?(:usec) && value.usec > 0
    result << "." << sprintf("%06d", value.usec)
  else
    result
  end
end

quoted_false ()

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 131
def quoted_false
  "FALSE"
end

quoted_true ()

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 123
def quoted_true
  "TRUE"
end

type_cast (value)

Cast a value to a type that the database understands. For example, SQLite does not understand dates, so this method will convert a Date to a String.

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 36
def type_cast(value)
  case value
  when Symbol, ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars, Type::Binary::Data
    value.to_s
  when true       then unquoted_true
  when false      then unquoted_false
  # BigDecimals need to be put in a non-normalized form and quoted.
  when BigDecimal then value.to_s("F")
  when nil, Numeric, String then value
  when Type::Time::Value then quoted_time(value)
  when Date, Time then quoted_date(value)
  else raise TypeError, "can't cast #{value.class.name}"
  end
end

unquoted_false ()

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 135
def unquoted_false
  false
end

unquoted_true ()

# File activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb, line 127
def unquoted_true
  true
end

module ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Quoting

Active Record Connection Adapters Quoting¶ ↑

Public Instance Methods